Chemical Sterilization

At present, many chemical agents that have the potential to kill or inhibit microbes. Research and discovery of new chemical compounds continues to grow. A good agent is a chemical that has the ability to rapidly kill microbes with lower doses without damaging the material or equipment is disinfected.
In principle, the mechanism of chemical agents are classified into:

                 a. Chemical agents that damage the cell membrane of microbes.
                 b. Chemical agents that destroy microbial enzymes.
                 c. Mendenaturasi protein chemical agents.
There are several factors that influence the effectiveness of chemical agents in the control of microbes, namely:
a. Concentration of chemical agents are used. The higher the concentration the effectiveness increased.
b. Contact time. The longer the material is in contact with the sterilized material then the result the better.
c. The nature and types of microbes. Microbes are encapsulated and berspora more resistant than the
    capsulated and berspora
d. The presence of organic materials and extras. The presence of organic materials can decrease the effectiveness of agents chemistry.
e. pH or acidity. Effectiveness of chemicals can change with changes in pH.

Chemical agents that damage cell membranes:
1. Surfaktans group (Surface Active Agents), the class of anionic, cationic and nonionic.
2. Phenol group.
 
Chemical agents damage the enzymes:
1. Classes of heavy metals such as arsenic, silver, mercury, etc..
2. Groups such as the class of halogen oxidizer, hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde.

Chemical agents that cause protein denaturation:
Chemical agent that causes coagulation and precipitation of protoplasm, such as alcohols, glycerol and acid materials and alkalis.